Cosy Language

Email me to be added to this CoSy list § Email to be removed § Bob Armstrong Vita αlphas . Simplicity . Breaking Paradigms . #CoSyAnyDay . NL202503 - polish . Tekydome . Daily Blog . AI Groks CoSy

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Silicon Valley FORTH Interest Group Presentation of this NL : Aligning Cats

THE SUCCINCT IMMEDIATELY EXECUTABLE EXPRESSION OF MATHEMATICS FIRST IMPLEMENTED BY KEN IVERSON & A FEW @ IBM WATSON RESEARCH IN APL IS THE DEEPEST MOTIVE INFORMING CoSy

Ken Iverson & Arthur Whitney Ken generalized APL from array algebra. Arthur simplified it to lists-of-lists in K

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Two Topics

Re: [svfig] Gagged on Git

278.7+-2.3 Perihelion to Aphelion THE GRAY BALL TEMP @ OUR ORBIT

I happened to have an email exchange with an APL friend of decades , Ray Cannon , which I copied to the SV-FIG mail group . It caused some stir illustrating the discontinuity in personal efficiency between GitHub , where tekys post code , and CoSy's use of its language on simple directories .

Sam Falvo , who gave an excellent SV-FIG talk on CoSy internals ( annotated ) , particularly the recursive reference counting memory management which evolves directly from Arthur Whitney , felt I was dissing tekys . Here are the emails , more or less in sequence .

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On 15/03/2026 15:50, Bob Armstrong wrote: | cc: SV-FIG

Ray ,

Saw your comment on the Dyalog APL forum : I am NOT a Github user and have no real wish to start using it.

William Wang of Electronic Design some years ago suggested I put CoSy on GitHub . So I did .

But it's ridiculously complex and limited compared to simply having a list language and an open directory .

A talk by John Peters at SV-FIG introduced me to cURL.se which has pretty universal Web IO so now I have some basic one-line wwwGet and wwwPut verbs , and of course with CoSy vocabulary it's far more flexible than Git could hope to be . Git is for tekys to remain *tekys * in their own *teky *fiefdom , not for the humans simply wanting to get their own sh-- done and not forgotten who are my target . The main links I now post are :

https://CoSy.com/CoSy/Simplicity.html | the rules https://CoSy.com/4thCoSy/ | the Code

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Subject: Re: [svfig] Gagged on Git Date: Mon, 16 Mar 2026 18:32:07 -0700 From: Samuel Falvo II sam.falvo@gmail.com To: Silicon Valley Forth Interest Group svfig@zork.net CC: Ray Cannon ray_cannon@compuserve.com, Bob Armstrong bob@cosy.com

On Sun, Mar 15, 2026 at 8:50 AM Bob Armstrong via svfig svfig@zork.net wrote:

William Wang of Electronic Design some years ago suggested I put CoSy on GitHub . So I did .

What was your purpose for doing so? | 20260325.1622 | It really was for marketing ; that's where the teky market meets .

But it's ridiculously complex and limited compared to simply having a list language and an open directory .

Maybe. It depends on what you're trying to do. Git is a collaboration tool. Its purpose is to allow many people, especially if they don't directly know each other, to collaborate on a single project. If you're not doing that, then yes, Git is entirely the wrong tool for you.

A talk by John Peters at SV-FIG introduced me to cURL.se which has pretty universal Web IO so now I have some basic one-line wwwGet and wwwPut verbs , and of course with CoSy vocabulary it's far more flexible than Git could hope to be . Git is for tekys to remain tekys in their own teky fiefdom , not for the humans simply wanting to get

Umm, ..., no. You are free to hold your own opinions, but that stops when it becomes an open insult to others. The us-versus-them and No True Scotsman fallacy here is bald-faced and, frankly, offensive.

Either learn to use the tool properly, or move on. There is no point in insulting an entire community for whom Git not only applies, but without which you could not benefit from your own project. Just how do you think cURL.se is built? (Answer: with Git. See https://curl.se/dev/).

Samuel A. Falvo II

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On 2026-03-16 04:34, Ray Cannon wrote:

Bob,

Git(hub) is for sharing code to be modified and updated. I am writing my code for the fun of it, to prove to myself that I can. There is no benefit that can be gained by someone improving my code for WAV files, as one can simply "record" live music or use existing code such as MiDi files.

Useful code needs to be maintained, and that is best done by multiple people working together. Git is great for that, but far to complex for a single individual working alone.

Take Care

Ray

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Subject: Re: [svfig] Gagged on Git Date: Tue, 17 Mar 2026 00:26:24 -0700 From: Paul Hardy via svfig svfig@zork.net Reply-To: Silicon Valley Forth Interest Group svfig@zork.net To: Silicon Valley Forth Interest Group svfig@zork.net CC: Paul Hardy unifoundry@gmail.com, Ray Cannon ray_cannon@compuserve.com

On Mon, Mar 16, 2026 at 6:32 PM Samuel Falvo II via svfig wrote:

Maybe. It depends on what you're trying to do. Git is a collaboration tool. Its purpose is to allow many people, especially if they don't directly know each other, to collaborate on a single project. If you're not doing that, then yes, Git is entirely the wrong tool for you.

I find Git's ability to handle branches of code useful even for a sole developer (experimental branch that could break everything versus stable branch, for example).

There is a free online introduction to Git at this Stanford link:

https://www-cs-students.stanford.edu/~blynn/gitmagic/

Chapter 2 introduces the basics.

Richard Silverman's Git Pocket Guide from O'Reilly also provides a concise introduction to Git, though probably dated (it's from 2013):

Tortoise Git is free GPL-licensed software that provides a GUI interface for Windows, if that makes it easier to use and you have a Windows system:

tortoisegit.org/ Have fun! Paul Hardy

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Subject: Re: [svfig] Gagged on Git Date: Wed, 18 Mar 2026 09:31:53 -0600 From: Bob Armstrong bob@cosy.com To: Silicon Valley Forth Interest Group svfig@zork.net CC: John Peters japeters747@gmail.com, Ray Cannon ray_cannon@compuserve.com, Samuel Falvo II sam.falvo@gmail.com, Paul Hardy unifoundry@gmail.com

I have a lingering respiratory cold which cost me ~ 10 days . I want to make a more thorough post in a monthly NL , along with comments to Heartland WDC Climate Conf I won't be able to get to following up on the analysis of radiative equilibrium of a colored ball , like a planet , discussed in NL202602 . The most fundamental equations toward a planetary model are at CoSy.com/4thCoSy/Physics/general.f . Note the Planck distribution is one line , but I'm hung up on CoSy's lack of exponential output , which is a far more general annoyance . I want to get across to the Climate crowd that ~278.7 has too be understood as the most number from which any further computation of Earth's temperature must be based .

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Anyway , getting back to Git .

I certainly had no thought of dissing Teky's with my comments on GitHub . I think , tho , as the examples below indicate , they do indicate the true paradigm break between having an open rich array language simply available at the tap of a key in your notes , versus a special purpose immutable menu hierarchy .

I'd like somebody to point out something GitHub does I can't do in a line or 2 of CoSy .

For the nonce I'm just inserting my reply to Ray's reply . Ray is now programming music in APL , and we go way back beyond some adventures at the APL conference in Leningrad in 1992 .

Ray ,

I think Git is clumsy for anything . CoSy's note keeping environment , of course , evolved from APL's workspace , but with executions not messing with your notes . Any line is a potential command line to be edited as needed . And with lists-of-lists vocabulary to apply verbs to entire selections of files , menu structures are pointlessly prolix , idiosyncratic & time wasting .

It's trivial for someone to clone a copy of a directory for their own experimentation , but committing it to a centralized copy is a matter of mutual permissions , not interface . Of course GitHub has built all sorts of add-on structures & services to the core .

For example , why am I , or any normal person going to mess with the mass of GitHub when I can , for example , write

` https://cosy.com/4thCoSy/Code/CoSy/ wwwDir >t0> # |>| 55

t0 5 _take fmttbl| ( AcntFns.f | AltStackOps.f | BROWSER.txt | BasicHelpWords.html | CSauxstack.f 2024-05-08 | 2024-05-08 | 2024-05-08 | 2024-05-28 | 2024-05-08 15:41 | 15:41 | 15:42 | 11:22 | 15:42 )

Or a line like

t0 ' dsc 'm .. ` .f conn at .. { t1 $ cL wwwGet # } 'm ,L flip fmttbl| ( AcntFns.f | AltStackOps.f | CSauxstack.f 691 | 1565 | 2465 )

| to select the [ FORTH ] scripts & list their sizes [ number of chars ]

Why , if you've got that power of array language at your fingertips are you going to cripple yourself with legacy tek , whether working as an individual , or having to submit requests to ` wwwPut some files to a central committee for approval ?

And CoSy is open vocabulary all the way to the chip(s) .

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BTW , I may have mentioned her before , but are you familiar with the work of my childhood neighbor Laurie Spiegel ?

Bob A

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On 2026-03-18 06:50, John Peters via svfig wrote:

It does seem complicated to me a non-programmer, but it allows me to work with two programmers, one in Japan and one here in San Francisco to develop my Stock Watcher program. Sent from my iPhone

On Mar 17, 2026, at 6:59 AM, Paul Hardy via svfig svfig@zork.net wrote:

On Tue, Mar 17, 2026 at 4:46 AM David Smith via svfig <svfig@zork.net> wrote:

I support Bob's brief comments criticizing Git. I can imagine Git alternatives emerging from the Forth community. Do any exist already?

[ 20260325.1726 | Dave , open invitation to flesh it out in CoSy ]

Several packages exist for Unix-like systems, including Cygwin for Windows. These come to mind:

• RCS, with its simple ci (check in) and co (check out) commands, from Unix's early days. It's about as simple as you can get. I used it in those early Unix days.
• CVS, which OpenBSD uses
• Mercurial: I experimented with this in the past because I was asked about using it on a project, but didn't stick with it. There are plugins for this in IDEs such as netbeans and Eclipse.
• Subversion: I used this before Git came along. Not anywhere near as powerful as Git and simpler as a consequence. There's also System V Unix SCCS, but that has fallen by the wayside.

Paul Hardy

Interesting history of Git : 10 Years of Git: An Interview with Git Creator Linus Torvalds

Open & Free public Code & Download instructions GitHub is uselessly complicated compared to CoSy IF YOU SUFFER A TEMPTATION TO DO SOMETHING IN \ PYTHON / CONTACT ME TO WORK IT OUT TOGETHER IN A ZOOM IN FEW WORDS IN >> FORTH CoSy <<

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Perihelion to Aphelion , THE GRAY BODY TEMP AROUND OUR ORBIT

This , unfortunately and unnecessarily , is the edge of our quantitative understanding of our planetary temperature based on measurements . Quite a few color spectra of the planet are published , such as below . The top gray spectrum is the asserted absorptivity==emissivity ie: color , spectrum , aka Kirchhoff or Schwarzschild spectrum . But I have yet to see a computation of the radiative equilibrium from a measured spectrum such as this . As I posted last month , the fundamental computation for equilibrium temp of a uniformly colored ball , in the language K , is in the slide from my Heartland ICCC9 presentation below . I had hoped to finish the transliteration into FORTH CoSy RPN by now , and add it to the vocabulary at CoSy.com/4thCoSy/Physics/general.f but have had other priorities . As it is , that small vocabulary , executable in CoSy.com/Science/Physics/Physics.csy in CoSy , because the words apply as written to entire arrays of pixels , voxels spectra , or orbits , is perhaps the most accessible start of an open community model of planetary physics .

The fact that I have never seen a computation of our radiative equilibrium from a measured Schwarzschild spectrum brings any computational chain from the energy we receive from the Sun to our surface temperature . Everything becomes relative . It's not possible to say " here's the radiative envelope . There is X degrees to be explained between that envelope and our bottom of atmosphere temperature " . I strongly believe that difference is explained by the gravitational adiabatic ` lapse trade-off required by Conservation of Energy , but without solid measured quantitative values , we are left with the continued stagnation described in my ICCC9 slide on the right .

Calculating the Temperature of a Radiantly Heated Colored Ball

I'm accreting computational vocabulary in CoSyFORTH @ https://cosy.com/4thCoSy/Code/Physics/general.f as I go . The ******CoSyJOB in which all expressions are executable is at Science/Physics/Physics.csy , Requires CoSy to run . CoSy open to the x86 FORTH scripts are at 4thCoSy/

As I transliterate code from Basic Basics in from Arthur Whitney's Kx.com foundational language K from which FORTH.CoSy directly evolves , I'm presenting the cleaned code from Physics.csy here .

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( Fact SunSpecs )Dv@ >T0> fmttbl| r | 696000000.0000 Dist | 149597900000.0000 temp | 5778.0000 | /\ | exponential formated output somehow has never ``yet gotten implemented`` in Reva FORTH , so I apologize for sucky formatting . The same is true for genericising math verbs . [***CoSy***](https://cosy.com/) executes directly in x86 FORTH so lotta fs needed just to label Float operations . See [Musk's comment on Polish](https://www.cosy.com/y25/NL2025_3.html) . | / | Solid Angle , steradians , from radius and distance . T0 ( r Dist ) ' v@ 'R ^2f ' %f ./ Pi *f ,/ >t0> fmtF18 ,/ |>| 0.000068001322294938 Converting steradians to portion of entire celestial sphere : t0 Pi f 4 *f %f .. f1. $ -f %f fmtF18 ,/ |>| 0.000005411402573131 That 5.4 millionths of the celestial sphere around us at about 6000K provides all the energy to our planet .

| making those calcs into verbs | Solid Angle from radius and distance : : R_D>strad ^2f ' %f ./ Pi *f ;

| steradians to portion of sphere : sdrad>PofSphere Pi 4. _f *f %f .. f1. $ -f %f ;

So now the computation can be written : T0 ( r Dist ) ' v@ 'R R_D>strad sdrad>PofSphere >t1> `f 1.e6 *f ,/ |>| 5.4114

and the portion covered by the Sun and its complement are t1 .. f1. $ -f cL ,/ >t2> fmtF18 ( 0.000005411402573131 0.999994588597426868 )

So now the gray body temperature in our orbit , can be calculated , using a value of 3K for dark space , by raising the temps to the 4th power , adding them , and taking 4th root . Note the Stefan Boltzmann Constant , : sb 5.6704e-8 _f ; , falls out of the round trip from temp to temp , giving :

f( 5778.0 3.0 )ff 4 ^f t2 *f +/ f 0.25 ^f |>| 278.68 Matching Grok's calculation .

This value , ~ 278.7K , not the utter Bull Shit 255K value endlessly parroted is the essential value upon which all other computations of Earth's temperature must be based .

I posted this on Anthony Watts Watts Up With That Open Thread , Sunday 2026222

Now I will go thru the computation for the temperature of a radiantly heated uniformly colored ball , as in the image below . As I learned as a grade school nerd during the Ike admin , and Grok explains , it is NOT explained simply by the overall reflectivity , Bond albedo , of the ball .

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CoSy on a Stick , CoSy in a box The original APL+PC CoSys were bundled , turn on & use , on laptops , immediately useful to some extraordinary ordinary people
$100 , $60 for the first 10 Including αlpha Group Zooms	Turn on & use CoSy WinTel Box $300 and up

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FORTH NOT C IS THE FOUNDATION OF CoSy

A TRUE LANGUAGE IN WHICH YOU DEFINE Words WHICH FLOW IN SENTENCES EXECUTED AT THE TAP OF F6 RIGHT IN YOUR DAILY LOG .

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| / PICTURE OF FORTH LANGUAGE COMMUNITY / | How to align ?

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Ultimate TARGET MARKET : FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS

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